Occupational Therapist Salary Geographical Disparities

Salaries for Occupational Therapist range depends on the setting they work in and also on the state they are working in. Their work mainly consists of working with the patients in day to day activities helping them to regarin their normal performance The therapist plans the program as per the needs of the patient and also makes progress evaluations.
Occupational therapists have a variety of choices in terms of their workplaces. They have the option to work in hospitals, schools, daycare centres and also in nursing homes. According to Department of Labor, there are nearly 100,000 therapists working in United States of America. The majority of them, amounting to about 46,000, work in hospitals and health care establishments. Around 16,000 are employed in nursing facilities and health care at home, and the remaining work in schools and day care centers.
Most of the Occupational therapist salaries are annual. However, some of the get paid hourly. If thats the case, t hen the average hourly salary is $35.98. Based on this average, 10% of the lowest earning therapists earn about $21.80 per hour, and the top 10% earn above $48.28. After looking at the hourly wage scenario, lets have a quick look at the annual salary. Average annual salary for Occupation therapists comes out to around $70,000. The therapists who are drawing the lowest would be earning around $45,340, whereas these professionals in the top bracket would be earning upwards of $100,430 annually.
Now let's see how the areas affect the Occupational Therapist Salary. According to US Government Bureau of Labor Statistics there are five states which offer the highest salaries for these professionals. California, Nevada and New Jersey have an average salary of $80,000 whil Professional in Maryland and Texas offer just below $80,000.
The salaries are much more if we narrow down to certain metropolitan areas in these states. For instance, within California -- SF, Redwood City and San Mateo have annual payments around $95k whereas Thousand oaks and oxnard provide about $89k. Within Texas, El Paso has the highest mean with $96k whereas laredo gives $90,000. In Nevada, Vegas and Paradise offer average annual salaries of $89k.
The density of occupational therapists around the country do not follow the same trend as the salaries. According to the survet done by the Department of Labor, State of Massachusetts has the largest number of therapists. It is then followed by Maine, Pennsylvania and Connecticut.
In conclusion, it seems that the area has a bigger impact than other factors on the salaries earned by occupational therapists. After the area, it will be the kind of work place which affects the salary the most. According to statistics, the hospitals and health care establishments offer the best salaries whereas school institutions have the lowest salaries.
For therapists based in school, an average annual salary of $61k is considered to be adequate. This comes out to be an hourly rate of $29.60. This approximate salary range applies to both primary and elemantary schools. Even in the case of schools, narrowing to particular speciality schools, hourly rates goes up to $36.18 or $75,260 per year, which sets them at par with the therapists working in hospitals and health centers.

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Occupational Therapist Salary Geographical Disparities

Salaries for Occupational Therapist range depends on the setting they work in and also on the state they are working in. Their work mainly consists of working with the patients in day to day activities helping them to regarin their normal performance The therapist plans the program as per the needs of the patient and also makes progress evaluations.
Occupational therapists have a variety of choices in terms of their workplaces. They have the option to work in hospitals, schools, daycare centres and also in nursing homes. According to Department of Labor, there are nearly 100,000 therapists working in United States of America. The majority of them, amounting to about 46,000, work in hospitals and health care establishments. Around 16,000 are employed in nursing facilities and health care at home, and the remaining work in schools and day care centers.
Most of the Occupational therapist salaries are annual. However, some of the get paid hourly. If thats the case, t hen the average hourly salary is $35.98. Based on this average, 10% of the lowest earning therapists earn about $21.80 per hour, and the top 10% earn above $48.28. After looking at the hourly wage scenario, lets have a quick look at the annual salary. Average annual salary for Occupation therapists comes out to around $70,000. The therapists who are drawing the lowest would be earning around $45,340, whereas these professionals in the top bracket would be earning upwards of $100,430 annually.
Now let's see how the areas affect the Occupational Therapist Salary. According to US Government Bureau of Labor Statistics there are five states which offer the highest salaries for these professionals. California, Nevada and New Jersey have an average salary of $80,000 whil Professional in Maryland and Texas offer just below $80,000.
The salaries are much more if we narrow down to certain metropolitan areas in these states. For instance, within California -- SF, Redwood City and San Mateo have annual payments around $95k whereas Thousand oaks and oxnard provide about $89k. Within Texas, El Paso has the highest mean with $96k whereas laredo gives $90,000. In Nevada, Vegas and Paradise offer average annual salaries of $89k.
The density of occupational therapists around the country do not follow the same trend as the salaries. According to the survet done by the Department of Labor, State of Massachusetts has the largest number of therapists. It is then followed by Maine, Pennsylvania and Connecticut.
In conclusion, it seems that the area has a bigger impact than other factors on the salaries earned by occupational therapists. After the area, it will be the kind of work place which affects the salary the most. According to statistics, the hospitals and health care establishments offer the best salaries whereas school institutions have the lowest salaries.
For therapists based in school, an average annual salary of $61k is considered to be adequate. This comes out to be an hourly rate of $29.60. This approximate salary range applies to both primary and elemantary schools. Even in the case of schools, narrowing to particular speciality schools, hourly rates goes up to $36.18 or $75,260 per year, which sets them at par with the therapists working in hospitals and health centers.

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Opportunities for Occupational Therapits in New Zealand

New Zealand has a world renowned education system producing highly qualified medical professionals. However, with the change in the local and global macro-economic factors, along with rapidly changing age profile of the country, the role of occupational therapists has become increasingly important in the future. Also, occupational therapist salary in New Zealand range from $32,000 to $75,000 per annum. Its quite a huge range covering fresh graduates to highly experienced therapists. However, Occupational Therapist salary has been growing slowly over the last few years with a median pay of $55,000 per annum.

Occupational Therapy Board of New Zealand (OTBNZ) reported in 2004 that there were approximately 1800 occupational therapist professionals holding annual practising certificates. This is therapist mainly dominated by female workers. This was evident in New Zealand Statistics as well with 89% of them female and 15.1% of OTs work less than 80 hours per month.

Because of their important role, OTs form a core part of the medical system of every country. Henceforth, there has been an annual average growth of more than 4% in New Zealand between 1991 and 2001. This consistent increase in demand for OTs can be attributed due to the following factors: increased money allocated to mental health sector by the central government in the budget, and also an increase in the ageing population leading to increased deman of rehabilitative health services.

Considering the historical factors are still very much into play, they will keep driving the demand for Occupational Therapists in foreseeable future as well. In addition to that, the new zealand federal government has added even more money into its health services policies which will lead to even more deman for occupational therapists. Some of these strategies are:

1. Increased Focus on Individuals suffering from disability to help them to fully integrate them within the wider society.

2. The New Zealand health of older people strategy: emphasizing coordinated, responsive, and preventative health and disability support for older individuals.

3. The Primary health care strategy: emphasizing renewed focus on providing top quality primary health care service to New Zealand residents.

Furthermore, future prospects of this profession look good as the baby boomer generation retire, a period when the incidence of heart attack and stroke increases. This will result in a significant deman for even more occupational therapists. However, one can only hope that the occupational therapist salary would also grow simultaneously with increased work load on the profession.

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Fast Facts On Dental Assistants

Being a dental assistant can be rewarding in many aspects. For those who are more compassionate, having the awareness that they have made a difference in patients lives is very much uplifting. Members of this profession work closely with a dentist or a group of dentists by providing assistance while dental procedures are carried out.

With more emphasis placed on health, jobs in the health care industry are therefore very much in demand. This applies to the profession of dental assistant too. In fact, this job is predicted to be the fastest growing job until 2012. This of course means that graduates of dental assistant programs will never be short of job opportunities.

While such profession is in demand across all states in the United States, the wage differs for different regions. Working in large cities almost always guarantees a higher pay. In addition, members of this profession can expect a higher pay if they have obtained a prior formal training. Aside f rom salary, these professionals can expect to receive health insurance and discounted charge on dental procedures.

The working time for a DA is the same as that of the standard working hours. They are not required to work in the weekend. In addition, this is also not the sort of job where you have to work during the wee hours which is characteristic of the nature of job for professionals such as doctors and nurses.

Some of the duties that a DA may carry out include setting up the dental rooms, performing x-rays and doing some laboratory testings. These responsibilities generally differ depending upon the state and the company you work. In a nutshell, this profession has great potential for growth and thus anyone who intends to work in the health care industry may consider pursuing this career.

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Why to Choose Career as a Physical Therapy Assistant and Technician

In recent times the requirement for qualified and well trained physical therapy assistants and technicians has boomed rapidly. In fact, with the rise in health care standards and number of health care centers and clinics, in the next few years the medical industry expects to look for more qualified physical therapist assistants.

Working Conditions

Working as a physical therapist assistant (PTA) or technician offers you opportunities to work under the direction of a physical therapist in order to aid patients or injured athletes whose ability to move is impaired. Besides this, you will help physical therapists in their daily activities, which include assisting patients during rehabilitation. You may also be required to perform clerical duties like ordering supplies and completing various forms. Apart from all this, as directed by physical therapists, you may even need to prepare documents and relay the patients responses and results of a treat ment to the physical therapist. It is definitely one of the few careers that demand special skills that can be nurtured through intensive training, but at same time offer benefits and employment scope that is better than any other professions.

Career Advancement

In terms of job security and career advancement, this profession is simply better than others. In fact, working as a PTA offers a number of ways to advance further in your career. One of the best options is to seek additional education and training and become a full fledged physical therapist. Though, many physical therapist assistants generally prefer to advance by specializing in a particular physical therapy area like pediatrics, geriatrics or sports therapy. In addition to this, you may even move into office management where responsibilities primarily include organizing and managing a group of physical therapist or directing a specific physical therapy. Besides this, the profession also offers you ample of opportunities to work in different work centers like-

Nursing care facilities Offices of physical, occupational and speech therapists, and audiologists General medical and surgical hospitals

Future Employmen t Prospect

In terms of employment prospect, many government economists expect the job growth for physical therapist assistants and technicians to be much quicker than the average for all careers in next few years. The profession is anticipated to rank among the twenty-fastest-growing careers. There are several reasons for this employment growth. Many industry experts believe that as per the latest U.S. population, in next few years many more people will need physical therapy. The elderly population is also growing and will continue to do so as baby boomers age is more likely to experience ailments that require physical therapy. Adding to this, as technology advances and better medical treatments become available more and more trauma patients will survive, which in turn will increase the need for physical therapy services.

Salary Outlook

Regarding the salary, the occupation provides a nice platform to earn decent income. Generall y, the income for physical therapist assistants is averaged between $33,000 and $50,000 annuallyand the median annual income for this group reaches approximately $41,360. The important point to note is that the lowest 10 percent earns less than $26,190, while the highest 10 percent earns more than $57,220.

Today certainly it may be considered as one of the few career options that may provide you the long-term job growth and consequential rewards. Handling different responsibilities as a physical therapy assistant or technician, you may be one of the key health care professionals providing care that can be very vital in extending and ensuring healthy life of different patients.

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Top Three Reasons Why The Medical Assistant Salary Is So Lucrative

Confucious once said, "Choose a job you love, and you'll never have to work a day in your life." This infamous line may not be so practical in these trying times. Why? If you have four children to feed and you are a single dad working as a photographer in a small studio, you will be thinking twice if a couple of dollars of earnings a day is sufficient to provide food and other necessities. Or if you are the only worker in the family and you have to work your way so that your three siblings can go to school. For sure you will be looking for a job that offers competitive salary and fantastic benefits as most of the jobs today are insufficient to support a family. Many people are becoming reasonable in picking jobs and business in order to survive.

Health care jobs are expected to increase by 30.3% From this year up to the year 2014. Based on data, over 14.3 Million people are employed in the health care industry alone. The need for health care jobs is continuously ri sing because of the developing medical technology and the growing human population. With that said, many are enticed to study and pursue health allied courses to prepare them for their forthcoming jobs. Based on studies, the medical assistant career is one of the fastest growing health care careers today.
Presently, the medical assistants salary ranges from $24,777 to $34,903 every year. These data are based on the market pricing report of salary.Com. The data were gathered and collected from thousands of HR departments and employers in the US alone. But why is this profession so profitable?

The Demand Is High
Without doubt, the health care profession is a sure stay. It is obvious that health is important to people. Since health care professionals are servicing to the improvement of health, the effect of global economic problem is not that extensive as compared to the other line of businesses like automobiles and jewelries. With the high demand for qualified health care professionals like the medical assistants, hospitals and clinics are providing competitive pay to their employees.

Medical Assistants Play A Major Role In The Health Care Delivery System
The roles of medical assistants in hospitals and outpatient department are very critica l. They work closely with the doctors, nurses, other medical employees and patients as well. Aside from handling administrative roles, they can also perform routine medical tasks like taking patient history and collecting specimens for observation. Surely, they are one of the key contributors in the health care delivery system.

Clinics Offer High Pay For Medical Assistants

If you want to earn well in this profession, you can apply in specialized clinics. The pay is high because the medical assistant is specializing in a specific medical department. Then again, when applying you should analyze your marketability. Make sure that you are certified. Although, there is no law that is requiring medical assistants to be certified, it will be a great benefit during the hiring process to show that you are a certified medical assistant. Remember that certification means better pay as well.

The health care profession is indeed rewarding. They are the top paying jobs at present. Part of the health care system is the medical assistant. Medical assistants today are not just the ordinary office secretaries; they also play various roles in hospitals and clinics. They deserve to be compensated well because they are handling both administrative and clinical duties.










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Up and coming careers in the medical field: Physical Therapy Assistant

Whether you are fresh out of high school or are interested in upgrading your education, it's difficult to pin point exactly which field you should pursue. 4 year University educations are out of reach for those with families or individuals who don't wish to be saddled with huge student loans. Taking a course to learn a trade has become the hot thing to do when upgrading your education. Trades allow you to learn the skills to perform a specific job. When narrowing down your choices, consider the many job vacancies for a certain position and choose from there. Currently, one of the most popular careers paths is that of a Physical Therapy Assistant.

Physical Therapy Assistants perform their jobs under the supervision of a Physical Therapist. Physical Therapy is a popular option to assist in the recovery of chronic injuries, motor vehicle accidents, or other pain and injury issues. The therapy involves exercises, ultrasound therapy, and in some cases, massage. The assistant to a Physical Therapist evaluates and assists patients by performing exercises, refilling supplies, and helping where needed.
As the US undergoes Health Care Reform, the industry is booming. The baby boomers in the USA are aging, and there are bigger requirement for services such as Physical therapy. As well, our belief systems are more open to alternative approaches to healing, whereas 20 years ago the idea of Physical Therapy would have been scoffed at. The demand for Physical Therapy Assistants is growing to the point that the jobs available outnumber the qualified applicants graduating.

Although some Physical Therapy assistants are trained on the job, the majority is required to have an associate's degree. To obtain an associate degree, you are required to complete 4 semesters at an accredited institution. In some states, a license is required to work as Physical Therapist Assistant. There are specific areas of specializing that an assistant can focus on, including geriatrics or pediatrics.

The outlook for employment upon completion of the program is extremely good, as the supply of assistants far outweighs the demand. The number of positions has increased exponentially over the past 3 years, and is predicted to grow from 107,000 positions currently across the US to 137,000 positions by 2016. The average salary earned by a professional in this field starts at approximately $23 per hour and goes up from there.

Although the need for Physical Therapy assistants is high, the educational institutions that offer the course are smaller in number than needed. Programs across the USA reach maximum capacity each intake, and there is a need to increase the intake in order to fill job vacancies.

As our population ages, the need for health care will increase exponentially rather than level off. Careers in the health care field are recession proof in most cases, as there is always going to be people who get sick and end up in hospitals or care facilities. A career path such as Psychical Therapy Assistant is the beginning of a long and fruitful career.

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Physical Therapy Assistant - Key Requirements And Qualities Needed To Succeed

A physical therapy assistant helps patients with their physical therapy sessions. They are capable of performing several responsibilities and can oversee the execution of the physical treatment program generated by a physical therapist. With the help of these assistants, physical therapists are able to take on more patients under their care. They are equipped with adequate knowledge to know how to function as a physical therapist minus the ability to come up with therapy programs. It is a rewarding career nevertheless because as an assistant, you get to be there to share the pain of your patients, coach them through their ordeal and bask in their joy as they regain mobility through the program you helped them take.

For every licensed physical therapist that the health care industry needs, they each need at least one physical therapy assistant to provide services to patients under their supervision. Sometimes, a physical therapist with a wide range of clientele will require 2 or more assistants. If you are adamant on entering the medical industry, specifically the health care field, this should be a good choice for you. There are several employment opportunities for you in hospitals, rehabilitation centers, nursing homes, private clinics and other health care facilities.

To become a physical therapy assistant will require hard work but it is a rewarding job in both financial and emotional aspects. You need to complete a program that usually lasts for 2 years before you are qualified to practice. Some states require an associate's degree. It varies per location so be sure to research what your state requires of you. Apart from that, you have to ensure that the school you choose is properly accredited by the state, otherwise, the state will not permit you to take the certification exam.

The school requirements vary but they usually ask for a high school diploma and your transcript of records. You need to decide what type of physical therapy assistant program you want to pursue and choose the best school that can give you that. Take into consideration as well the additional financial burden it will bring as you have tuition fees and books to purchase. The program will teach you the fundamentals of being the assistant of a physical therapist. You will learn the basics on therapy, the human anatomy and its mobility features, therapeutic massage and proper stretching practices.

During the course of your training, it helps to have a physical therapy mentor who can help guide you with your studies. If they accept volunteers, take your chances and apply. It may not pay financially for your hard work but at least you get a relevant practical experience from someone who you respect. A physical therapy assistant cannot work alone so you are sure to be given adequate supervision as you lead physical therapy sessions. These sessions help patients to regain mobility and strength after a serious illness or injury.

Physical therapy assistant certification is a must before you apply so make sure all your preparations are consistent with the state requirements. Aside from the educational and practical requirements, you also need to be in good shape if you are a physical therapist assistant. The people you will be working with are unable to use mobility of one or more part of their body so you will be required to support their weight most of the time. Patience is also a necessary virtue of for a physical therapy assistant as recovery for most patients is often slow.

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Pursuing a Motorcycle Accident Claim

You can ride safer by following these quick tips on motorcycle safety:

1. Always assume that you and your motorcycle are totally invisible to other drivers.

2. Leave plenty of space in front and back and to the sides from all other vehicles.

3. Beware of motorists turning left in front of you at intersections.

4. Never drink or take drugs and try to ride a motorcycle.

5. Avoid riding at night, especially late Saturday night and early Sunday when drunken drivers may be on the road.

6. Beware of taking curves that you can't see around. A parked truck or a patch of sand may be awaiting you.

7. Do not give in to road rage and try to 'get even' with another rider or motorist.

8. If someone is tailgating you, either speed up to open more space or pull over and let them pass.

9. Take a motorcycle safety course to learn what to look for to avoid accidents.

10. Wear protective clothing and a helmet.

There is no New York No-Fault insurance available to motorcycle riders. This means that in the event of injury in a motorcycle accident, private health insurance must pay the bills. If the rider wins a lawsuit, these bills must usually be paid back to the health insurance carrier. If there is no health insurance available, the issue of medical bills and paying for medical care becomes complicated, indeed. Consult an experienced accident and personal injury attorney.

As a lawyer and rider who has held a motorcycle license for many years, I have some definite thoughts on this topic. But I'd like you to "cram down" some statistics about motorcycle safety, which relate to accidents and injuries, and which I find fascinating:

1. Approximately 3/4 of motorcycle accidents involve collision with another vehicle; most often a passenger automobile.

2. Approximately 1/4 of motorcycle accidents are single vehicle accidents involving the motorcycle colliding with the roadway or some fixed object in the environment.

3. Vehicle failure accounts for less than 3% of motorcycle accidents, and most of those are single vehicle accidents where control is lost due to a puncture flat.

4. In single vehicle accidents, motorcycle rider error is present as the cause about 2/3 of the time, with the typical error being a slideout and fall due to overbraking, or running wide on a curve due to excess speed or under-cornering.

5. Roadway defects (pavement ridges, potholes, etc.) are the accident cause in 2% of accidents; animal involvement causes 1% of accidents.
6. In multiple vehicle accidents, the driver of the other vehicle violates the motorcycle right-of-way and causes the accident 2/3 of the time.

7. Drivers inability to recognize motorcycles in traffice is the main source of motorcycle collisions. The driver of the other vehicle involved in collision with the motorcycle does not see the motorcycle before the collision, or does not see the motorcycle until too late to avoid the collision.

8. Deliberate hostile action by a motorist against a motorcycle rider is a rare accident cause.

9. The most frequent accident type is the motorcycle proceeding straight and the automobile making a left turn in front of the oncoming motorcycle.

10. Intersections are the most likely place for the motorcycle accident, with the other vehicle violating the motorcycle right-of-way, and often violating traffic controls.

11. Weather is not a factor in 98% of motorcycle accidents.

12. Most motorcycle accidents involve a short trip associated with shopping, errands, friends, entertainment or recreation, and the accident is likely to happen close to the place the trip began.

13. The view of the motorcycle or other vehicle involved in an accident is limited by glare or obstructed by other vehicles in almost 2 of multiple vehicle accidents.

14. Visibility of the motorcycle is a critical factor in multiple vehicle accidents, and accidents are significantly reduced by the use of motorcycle headlamps (on in daylight) and the wearing of high visibility yellow, orange or bright red jackets.

15. Fuel system leaks and spills are present after 62% of motorcycle crashes. This means that there is usually a fire hazard.

16. Significantly overrepresented in accidents are motorcycle riders between the ages of 16 and 24; motorcycle riders between the ages of 30 and 50 are significantly underrepresented. Although the majority of accident-involved motorcycle riders are male (96%), female motorcycles riders are significantly overrepresented in accidents.

17. Motorcycle riders involved in accidents are essentially without training; 92% are self-taught or learned from family or friends. Motorcycle rider training experience reduces accident involvement and reduces injury in the event of accidents.

18. Almost 1/2 of fatal accidents show alcohol involvement.

19. Motorcycle riders in those accidents have difficulty avoiding the collision. Most riders overbrake and skid the rear wheel, and underbrake the front wheel, greatly reducing the ability to slow down and avoid the accident. The ability to countersteer and swerve are essentially absent in the presence of alcohol.

20. The typical motorcycle accident allows the motorcyclist just less than 2 seconds to avoid the collision.

21. Motorcycle modifications such as those associated with the semi-chopper or cafe racer are definitely overrepresented in accidents.

22. The likelihood of injury is extremely high in motorcycle accidents - 98% of multiple vehicle collisions and 96% of single vehicle accidents result in some kind of injury to the motorcycle rider; 45% result in more than a minor injury.

23. Half of the injuries to motorcycle riders are to the ankle-foot, lower leg, knee, and thigh-upper leg.

24. Crash bars are not an effective injury countermeasure; the reduction of injury to the ankle-foot is balanced by increase of injury to the thigh-upper leg, knee, and lower leg.

25. The use of heavy boots, jacket, gloves, etc., is effective in preventing or reducing abrasions and lacerations, which are frequent but rarely severe injuries.

26. Speed, alcohol involvement and motorcycle size increade the injury severity.

27. Seventy-three percent of accident-involved motorcycle riders use no eye protection, and it is likely that the wind on their unprotected eyes contributes to impairment of vision which delays hazard detection.

28. Approximately 50% of the motorcycle riders in traffic use safety helmets but only 40% wear helmets at the time of their accident.

29. Voluntary safety helmet use by accident-involved motorcycle riders was lowest for untrained, uneducated, young motorcycle riders on hot days and short trips.

30. The most deadly injuries to motorcycle accident victims are injuries to the chest and head.

31. The use of the safety helmet is the single critical factor in the prevention or reduction of head injury.

32. The riders abiblity to hear or see is not decreased by use of a safety helmet, nor does it cause fatigue or loss of attention; no element of accident causation is related to helmet use.

33. Helmeted riders and passengers showed significantly lower head and neck injury for all types of injury, at all levels of injury severity.

34. The increased coverage of the full facial coverage helmet increases protection, and significantly reduces face injuries.

35. There is no increase in neck injury by wearing a safety helmet; helmeted riders have fewer neck injuries than unhelmeted riders.

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Diseases and Ailments Requiring In-Home Healthcare

As our parents and loved ones begin to age, they become susceptible to many more ailments, diseases, and disorders. Luckily, some diseases are easy to treat than others and may only require medication. But when is it time for your aging parents to receive in-home health care? Your parents' doctors can assist you with this dilemma, but there are several diseases that will most likely result in the need for home health aides.

Alzheimer's and Dementia are the most common illnesses that will require extra care as the disease progresses. Alzheimer's disease attacks the brain and causes problems with memory, thinking, and behavior. It usually affects people over the age of 60, but how fast the disease will progress can vary from person to person. Most live about 8-10 years after diagnosis. It begins with simple memory problems, but then leads to confusion, problems doing simple tasks, forgetting who people are, and problems with speech and writing. The disease can be trea ted but not cured. It will only be a matter of time before your loved one needs home health aides to help him with daily tasks.

Cancer is one of the leading causes of deaths in America and it can affect people of all ages. However, the risk for developing cancer does increase with age. There are over a 100 different types of cancer and depending on the type and severity, your aging parents might not need extra care. Treatments include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and hormone therapy. Some patients may need temporary care after surgery. If the cancer is widespread or untreatable, home health care is often the choice of many rather than staying in a hospital.

Parkinson's disease is very treatable with medications and many people do not suffer severely from it, but like all diseases, it can worsen over time. Parkinson's is a neurological disorder where the neurons degenerate over time. Symptoms include tremors, slow movement or the inability to move, and rigid limbs. When medication is no longer as effective, the person can have great difficulty performing tasks. In the later stage s of the disease, some may have problems with balance, difficulty swallowing, confusion, hallucinations, and severe tremors. It is these patients that can benefit the most from home health aides to care for them.

Although not nearly as deadly or severe as the previously mentioned diseases, a serious case of arthritis could require the help of home health aides. Nearly half the people over the age of 65 will develop some form of arthritis. Medication and exercises can easily help many elderly people, but if the person still has trouble doing tasks like cooking, cleaning, and bathing, it can be very debilitating. Only in such extreme cases would it be necessary to seek outside assistance.

These are but a few of the many problems that may cause one to need constant care. When you find that your aging parents are no longer able to care for themselves, it is apparent that in-home healthcare might be the best solution.

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Allforone Home Healthcare: Tips on hiring a home health care employee

Providing essential care to your elderly loved ones such as your parents or grandparents can such be a rewarding experience. Just imagine that now is the time to bring back all the love and caring by personally doing it to them. Seeing your parents live each and every minute of the day in your arms is such a gratifying experience that no other things in this world can match. But we have to face the fact that devoting all our time just to take good care of them is pretty much impossible to happen. You have to consider your own self, family, career, social needs and other pertinent things like personal enjoyment and advancement of living. There are some who submit their parents to nursing homes where tender loving care is always available 24/7 but for many wise and emotional people, getting a home health care employee at home is more convenient and emotionally clever.

If you are planning to hire someone as your parent's home health care employee, read these tips and tricks first shared by Allforone Home Healthcare and determine the right dos and don'ts.

Choose between hiring a worker thru an agency or by your own resources many people hire home health care employees thru agencies to save valuable time and effort but there are some who wants to do things personally. When hiring someone from an agency or company, ask all pertinent details like credentials of the person, work and training background, qualifications and even temperament. On the other hand if you wanted to personally search for that right home health care employee, remember that posting the job thru the internet will give you an overwhelming response. You should also apply the above criteria when choosing the best candidate. Ask for vital stuffs if you already got one at home, the first thing that you need to do is to ask for different verification documents like worker's permit, licenses, certificates, trainings, social security cards, drivers license and other valid IDs. Make sure to check each and every document and asses its compatibility with each other. You can also do some background check to ensure that the person is not convicted with any crime or legal cases. Remember that safety should be your main concern that is why seeking help thru trusted home health care companies like Allforone Home Healthcare is very much advisable. Discuss the nature of the work after verifying the identity of the person, you have to clearly discuss the nature of the work point per point. The responsibilities and objectives should also be stated on hand to ensure that everyone is on the same boat. You also need to discuss the everyday needs of your parents or grandparents and do not forget to introduce your new primary home healthcare employee to your friends, families and medical advisers. Discuss the pay and modes of payment if you are hiring thru medical agencies, you should follow the given format and mode of payment but if not, you need to discuss the mode of payment as well as your own payment system.

Always remember that when hiring a home healthcare employee, security is your main priority concern but vital things like skills and qualifications of the person should also be considered utmost. Keep these tips and tricks shared by Allforone Home Healthcare and good luck finding that perfect person.

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What Are Healthcare Software Solutions And What is Their Need?

The healthcare industry has seen tremendous change and growth in the recent past. With healthcare reforms implemented, the dynamics of the industry has seen volcanic change that drives the need of custom automated solutions for healthcare companies. Talk about insurance companies, hospitals, insurance agents, and government agencies: Everybody needs to leverage its effectiveness through various types of software solutions to cater to the needs of information dissemination, guideline compliance and being up-to-date for the consumers.

Healthcare industry comprising medicine, dentistry, nursing, pharmacy and allied health need automated healthcare software. Going by global healthcare industry's standard classification, the healthcare has been classified including, biotechnology, diagnostic substances, drug delivery, drug manufacturers, hospitals, medical equipment and instruments, diagnostic laboratories, nursing homes and providers of health care plans.

Health IT will see a major boost with the implementation of healthcare reforms. Till now, there has not been too much investment in IT sector by the healthcare industry. But with the requirements asking for more focus and attention, Health IT will get increased funding.

It goes without saying that The IT departments of healthcare industry suffer from poor infrastructure. The need of custom automated software is there but the investment needs to be made. Without doubt, investment is made when there are some chances of return. But as the healthcare companies and entities would need to comply with the new healthcare standards, they will have to cut their costs in other areas and try to invest in this.
If you want to go for some statistics, let's consider a report by Commonwealthfund. The report says that the adoption of electronic health records could produce efficiency and safety savings of $142 billion in U.S. physician offices and $371 billion in U.S. hospitals till 2020. But cost of around $156 billion over five years, with an additional $48 billion in operating costs is also associated with it. But this is something that can be pursued given the betterment it offers to the industry.

When we talk about Health IT, it could include, electronic medical records (EMRs), electronic health records (EHRs), personal health records (PHRs), payor-based health records (PBHRs), and electronic prescribing (e-prescribing). All these systems need to be developed in a robust manner to ensure that the dictums of healthcare reforms are fully complied to.

Some features of HIT include:

* Electronic Health Records (EHRs)
* Electronic Medical Rec ords (EMR)
* Personal Health Records (PHRs)
* Payor-based Health Records (PBHRs)
* Electronic Prescribing (e-Prescribing)
* Financial/Billing/Administrative Systems
* Computerized Practitioner Order Entry (CPOE) Systems

Apart from these, healthcare software outsourcing could mean: cardiology software, clinical software, dental practice software, electronic medical records software, EMS software, health care software, health insurance software, healthcare case management, healthcare contract management, medical appointment software, medical billing, medical equipment software and medical staffing software, etc.

The healthcare reforms do not simply ask healthcare companies to comply with some norms but also the insurance companies, which provide financial stability and securities to consumers.

Healthcare reforms ask every state to build a health insurance exchange, which is a huge challenge, given its newness and wanted functionality. The states will be depending upon big or innovative healthcare software companies to come ahead and provide the solutions, set up systems who could sustain the operations of these exchanges and run them smoothly, and also provide customer care to the consumers who come and do business with these exchanges.

All this mean that the software companies could on a real big business opportunity where healthcare companies, health insurance companies, and state governments would be their clients. In professional terms, this opportunity would be termed as a B2B market.

The development of software for healthcare industry is pretty much custom based. It could vary according to some norms or law, or it could be state specific. At the same time, different healthcare companies could have their own software designed for specific purposes. All this generates tremendous business opportunities for software companies. The idea of tapping this opportu nity can be harnessed by the software development companies for a good reason.

Without doubt, the emergence of healthcare software solution would mean work all around. The one who taps it or caters to it will get most of the benefit.

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How Home Healthcare Thrives With Healthcare Reform

As with the rest of healthcare, home care is plagued by business models that are driven by reimbursement rates rather than the value they offer patients. No matter how hard-working or well-intentioned home care executives and their staffs are, they have been limited in their ability to deliver real value to patients, payers, and referral sources as a result of the structural flaws of the current reimbursement system.

This paper will serve as an update to Wyatt Matas & Associates' "The Delineation of Healthcare: The Natural Evolution of a Healthy Industry" ("Delineation"). In it we will describe the dramatic shift of industry dynamics occurring as a result of the sweeping overhaul of healthcare signed into law on March 23, 2010 by President Obama. As a result of this legislation, a new Medicare reimbursement penalty for hospitals with high avoidable readmission rates and economic incentives created by the Independence at Home Act (IAH) will force the home care sector to add greater value to the larger healthcare industry in order to thrive. This new legislative framework positions home care to be the solution to the problems plaguing the entire healthcare system. Home care agencies will now have a unique opportunity to provide real value to the health care system while earning significant financial gains.

These changes will benefit all home care stakeholders, including patients, providers and payers. This new framework represents the beginning of a period of sustained opportunity, innovation and industry prominence for those home care organizations that are able to take advantage of this structural industry shift. Those who can adapt to these inevitable environmental changes and emerge as industry leaders will have a substantial and defendable competitive advantage in the future of US healthcare. However, home care agencies wishing to take advantage of these opportunities will need to move away from general, episodic care toward sustained, coordinated care of all patient needs by becoming coordinated care management companies.

Avoidable Hospital Readmissions

In an effort to control the increasing rates of avoidable readmissions, a new Medicare regulation will go into effect October 1, 2012.(1) This new regulation will penalize hospitals with avoidable readmissions higher than the national average by cutting 1% of their gross Medicare reimbursement. If a hospital is not able to improve its rates of readmission, the penalty will escalate. As hospitals nation-wide strive to reduce their avoidable readmission rates, the national average rate will in turn be lowered, forcing hospitals to continually improve.

Avoidable readmissions use limited, expensive hospital resources

One out of five Medicare hospital discharges results in an avoidable readmission.(2) Of these readmissions, patients with chronic condition co-morbidity experience the highest rates of avoidable readmissions.(3) Most of these patients returning to the hospital as avoidable readmissions are already unprofitable even before the imposition of the coming reimbursement penalty.(4) These patients also have high average lengths of stay, crowding out capacity for more profitable, surgical patients. Therefore hospitals not only experience real-time loss of cash flow but also the opportunity cost of not devoting resources to higher margin business, such as joint replacements. With many hospitals already over burdened, this expensive trend cannot continue.

Home care agencies tend to shift costs to hospitals

Home care agencies have traditionally been the low-cost care providers for patients transitioning home after hospital discharge. However, while on a per diem basis home care is the lowest-cost option, much of the actual costs of caring for a post-facility discharge patient are shifted to hospitals and other facility-based providers through avoidable readmissions. Some agencies have hospital readmission rates within 30 days of discharge as high as 30%. Because of this the home care sector has experienced significant reimbursement cuts and criticism. In fact, CMS recently announced its recommendation to cut home care's reimbursement rate by 4.75% starting January 1, 2011.(5)

Home care has opportunity to grow but must meet healthcare needs

All indications make clear that when it comes to evaluating the results of health care providers only one measure of cost and quality will ultimately matter - the percentage of avoidable readmissions. Factors such as federal and state budget cuts, an aging baby boomer generation consuming increasing levels of healthcare services, and a shortage of nurses and other healthcare professionals will add to the stress for payer sources to find ways to cut costs and lower avoidable readmissions. Home care is positioned better than any other healthcare sector to play a significant role as a solution to this enormous challenge. However, if homecare does not step forward as a leader to solve or at least manage these challenges, another sector will. Homecare's ability to adequately address and provide solutions to the avoidable readmission problem is what will prevent the industry from becoming marginalized and have the opportunity to thrive.

Independence at Home Act (IAH)

Currently, 25% of Medicare beneficiaries account for 85% of the cost of Medicare spending, while 50% only account for 4% of total cost (See Figure 1.)(6) The most costly of these beneficiaries all have one or more chronic diseases. IAH (H.R. 2560, S. 1131) became law on March 23rd, 2010, as a component of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA), in order to control increasing Medicare expenditures and at the same time provide effective and efficient care for these high-risk patients. (7)

Figure 1.

IAH allows for physicians and other licensed, independent practitioners (LIPs), such as nurse practitioners, and physician assistants, to serve as primary care providers (PCPs) for high-risk patients with one or more chronic diseases. Most importantly these healthcare professionals will coordinate care with other providers such as home care, hospice and specialty pharmacy (e.g. infusion therapy). This high level of coordination will produce substantial net savings to the healthcare system at the same time a higher quality of care than is currently being delivered.

IAH will lower costs and incentivize savings

Unlike the current business models that are designed entirely around reimbursement, the IAH program will be funded primarily from the cost savings it achieves. For care providers who are able to achieve a 5% annual savings of forecasted costs for an individual patient's care, the savings will split such that 80% goes to the provider and 20% goes to CMS. Given the annual costs associated with caring for high-risk patients, those providers who achieve the outlined objectives stand to reap substantial financial benefits.

Figure 2 (page 4) illustrates the savings of four institutions that developed physician and nurse practitioner lead home visit programs. The middle column shows that expenditures for visits in the home increased as part of the program. However, overall costs associated with caring for this patient population decreased dramatically.

Figure 2.

Figure 3 shows the Veterans Administration's most recently published data for its Home-Based Primary Care program.(8) Although costs associated with home care and outpatient services increased, there was significant savings in the more costly hospital and nursing home settings because chronic disease patients were more effectively able to manage their health at home.

Figure 3.

Initially, IAH will be a three-year demonstration, including only 50 providers and serving 10,000 patients. However, given the Congressional Budget Office's projection that IAH will be budget neutral with likely savings and the expected positive response from patients and their caregivers, its implementation is likely to accelerate.

New Opportunities for Home Care

Given the new avoidable readmission penalties and the introduction of IAH's economic incentives, home care is positioned better than any other healthcare sector to adapt and meet the demands of the changing healthcare industry. Through low-cost, patient-centered care, home care will be able to attract a much greater percentage of healthcare dollars.

Hospitals will refer to companies with lowest readmission rates

Neither home care nor hospitals can continue operating home healthcare the way they have been given the new penalties.Currently, the best performing U.S. hospitals produce 1- 3% net operating margins, while 20% of all U.S. hospitals have negative operating margins.(9) With narrow to negative margins, a 1% Medicare reimbursement penalty could prove catastrophic for any hospital that is not able to rein in its avoidable readmission rate.

However, this reimbursement change will prove to be an opportunity for independent home care agencies, in particular, because hospitals have a greater incentive to refer their patients to the most efficient agencies that are least likely to readmit the hospital's patients. Hospital-owned agencies may no longer receive preferential referrals. Independent agencies that are able to demonstrate low avoidable readmission rates will have a competitive advantage in receiving referrals from hospitals that are particularly concerned with their readmission rates. Some hospitals may even have to consider closing or spinning off their agencies to be certain they can shop for the best possible provider. Even the largest hospital-owned home care agencies' profits would have a difficult time off setting a 1% or greater reduction in Medicare reimbursement.

Home care becoming primary care source will bring more money to sector

Medicare will not be the only payer wanting to pursue cost savings programs similar to IAH. Given the substantial budget deficits faced across the country, state Medicaid programs will be looking to develop similar programs to enroll individuals with multiple chronic diseases. Commercial insurers will also be highly motivated to enact similar programs to effectively care for the previously 40 million uninsured they are required to extend coverage to as part of the PPACA. Since proactive monitoring and care is the only means by which to minimize often unnecessary hospitalizations and other healthcare costs, all payer sources will be looking to these types of providers to manage patients with costly chronic diseases.

IAH model will attract new, talented physicians to primary care

Although the primary care physician shortage is often cited as a significant obstacle to the success of IAH, we believe it will actually attract new, young talent to the field. The IAH model of care will allow physicians and other LIPs to serve patients in need of care at the same time they are earning a substantial living. Economic incentives from payers will also allow them to earn more money based on their outcomes. As IAH-type care becomes standard it will attract younger physicians who might otherwise go into an office-based practice as well as attract those currently practicing as hospitalists. Additionally, more medical students will choose internal medicine rather than becoming specialists as the pay off becomes greater.

The Value Progression

While a new and tremendous opportunity exists for the home care sector, agencies still face significant challenges to maximize the value they add to the healthcare industry. One view is that the home care sector will create and preserve value along a Value Progression (see Figure 4). To maximize value, agencies will have to advance along the Value Progression from providing basic home healthcare to more comprehensive, coordinated chronic care management. This section of the paper will outline the specific health care delivery and expertise levels that agencies will need to achieve in order to thrive.

Figure 4.

Basic Home Care

Home care, at its most basic level, is episodic such that a hospital or other provider will refer a patient to an agency because of a specific event or episode for a specified amount of time. As Wyatt Matas & Associates discussed in the "Delineation" white paper, in the mid-2000's the US experienced a proliferation of home care agencies, all boasting the highest quality of care, taking all insurances, accepting weekend referrals, etc. However, in general, it very difficult for referral sources to differentiate one agency's services from another's.

While some home care agencies offering this basic type of care may maintain profitable margins right now, they will not be able to sustain growth or profitability into the future. Basic Home care providers will experience real losses given the changes in avoidable readmissions penalties and the new economic incentives in IAH. Moving along the Value Progression will not just be a way for companies to gain a competitive advantage, it will be necessary for agencies' survival.

Specialty Programs

In an effort to differentiate its services and provide patients with more effective care, Gentiva Health Services began to offer specialty programs designed for specific conditions in the mid-2000s. These programs offered referral sources identifiable products that they could recommend to their patients, thereby distinguishing Gentiva's services from other agencies'. However, the rest of the home health sector quickly jumped on the trend and now most specialty programs tend to be points of parity rather than sources of competitive advantage.

Furthermore, with lawmakers and other entities looking to reduce healthcare expenditures wherever possible, specialty programs that focus on high levels of therapy utilization, such as joint replacement and fall prevention, will face the greatest challenges in the near future. Firstly, these programs are perceived as addressing or managing "expensive" chronic diseases like diabetes and heart failure. Secondly, although they can save the system significant sums in avoided trips to the ER and hospitalizations, not to mention the improved quality of life for patients served, the lack of variability in the physical therapy visit frequency for these programs brings them into question.

Coordinated Chronic Care Management

Coordinated chronic care management companies look beyond episodic, event-based care and consider the entire process of a chronic disease. They serve as health educators, care coordinators as well as care providers for their patients. We maintain our position we set forth in "Delineation" that those companies that effectively become coordinated chronic care management companies will have a clear competitive advantage over providers that do not.

IAH will, in effect, serve as a subset of coordinated chronic care management. To provide effective care and benefit from the economic incentives, IAH practices will seek to partner with home care agencies that demonstrate high-level coordination. While the details of the contract have not yet been disclosed, we believe Amedisys' recent partnership with Humana is an early example of this.

Figure 5 (page 8) illustrates a dramatic example of the profound impact an effective coordinated chronic care management initiative. Home Healthcare Partners of Dallas, Texas has successfully implemented tele-health and other active patient monitoring and intervention techniques to lower its avoidable readmissions.

Figure 5.

Considerations for Home Care Agencies

While the future profitability of home care is far from certain, the rapid and significant change within the industry is undeniable. Organizations of all sizes and ownership structures must determine if and how they will adapt to the changing landscape. Home care organizations will to evaluate their options and what financial, clinical and operational resources will be required to move along the Value Progression.

Those organizations choosing to advance towards coordinated chronic care management will need to have a clear strategic plan and talented staff able to execute it. Some companies will choose to acquire the talent to make by acquiring an organization that already possesses the requisite expertise.Other companies will enter into joint ventures or other formal partnerships to gain access to the skills they lack.

Organizations that choose to remain focused on specialty programs will have to critically examine their competitive landscape and indentify the skills and resources they need to differentiate themselves. Maximizing efficiency to maintain margins and cash flow will also be essential as reimbursements continue to be cut. It is clear that agencies will no longer be able to be all things to all referral sources and must select a specialty program in which they can truly excel.

Regardless of the organization's choice to differentiate its specialty programs or move towards coordinated chronic care management, this is an exceptional time to create value and position the company for continued growth and profitability into the future. Failure to act however will result in real and significant economic losses and for the company. The only option to thrive in this new healthcare environment is to advance.

About Wyatt Matas & Associates

Wyatt Matas & Associates is an investment banking firm that specializes in advising healthcare service providers on strategic and financial matters. We aim to provide thought leadership regarding opportunities and challenges facing the rapidly evolving healthcare services industry. Our focus in this process is establishing enduring relationships based on performance, trust and integrity.

We provide buy and sell-side mergers and acquisition, equity and debt capital sourcing, restructuring and strategic advisory services. Unlike larger and less specialized investment banks, Wyatt Matas & Associates is not owned by a larger financial institution. This allows us the time to focus on custom solutions to ensure our clients' success. Also, unlike other investment banks, in certain circumstances we deploy our own capital and expertise in joint ventures and direct investment in client companies. We only pursue these opportunities that can benefit from our unique experience, relationships and skill-sets.

Given the unique nature of the healthcare sectors Wyatt Matas & Associates has developed a healthcare management consulting group. WMA Strategic Healthcare Advisors develops strategies and tactics for growth oriented healthcare service clients. Our primary objective is to capitalize on our team's deep industry experience combined with our extensive network of operators, financiers, consultants and other expert professionals to help our clientsachieve their goals. The Strategic Advisors unit delivers customized, practical and actionable solutions to provide its clients with a clear understanding of the steps required to create significant value.If needed, our team will step in on an interim management basis or find the appropriate professional to help take a company to the next level.

1 Jencks, S.F., M.V. Williams, and E.A. Coleman. "Rehospitalizations among Patients in the Medicare Fee-for-Service Program." New England Journal of Medicine 360.14 (2009).

2 Jencks.

3 Chronic Conditions: Making the Case for Ongoing Care. Partnership for Solutions. Johns Hopkins University, 2004. Web. .

4 Jencks.

5 Jencks.

6 Congressional Budget Office, Based on Data from Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services.

7 Chronic Conditions

8 Home Healthcare Partners, LLC

9 "Should Chronically Ill Patients Be Treated in the Hospital Setting?" Healthcare Economist, 18 Mar. 2010. .

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Obama's Healthcare Reform Bill and its Impact on the U.S. Healthcare Markets now available at ReportsandReports

According to a 2009 study by the World Health Organization, the U.S. healthcare system ranks 37th among the healthcare systems of 200 countries. The U.S. healthcare expenditure is considered to be one of the highest in the world, accounting for 17.5% of its GDP in 2009, as compared to an average of 8% to 9% in countries of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD).

This has been a major factor necessitating healthcare reform, along with increasing healthcare costs and health premium rates, as well as the high number of the uninsured (about 47 million or approximately 16% of the total population).

President Obama signed the health reform into law in March 2010 to improve the quality and efficiency of healthcare, address the inefficiencies of the existing healthcare structure, and to decrease the number of uninsured people in the U.S. The health reform bill outlines several provisions such as universal health coverage, cost containment, increase in insurance market competition, excise tax on medical device manufacturers, and lower drug costs for Medicaid and Medicare. The health reform provisions thus directly impact the U.S. healthcare industry and its stakeholders.

The report forecasts and analyzes the future impact of the health reforms on the U.S. healthcare industry. This covers direct as well as indirect impacts of the provisions on pharmaceutical, medical devices, and health insurance industries. Indirect impact refers to provisions that do not specifically apply to these industries. Each section offers a strategic analysis of the impact of Obama's health reforms on the U.S. healthcare structure.

What makes our reports unique?

* We provide the longest market segmentation chain in this industry- not many reports provide market breakdown upto level 5.

* We provide 10% customization. Normally it is seen that clients do not find specific market intelligence that they are looking for. Our customization will ensure that you necessarily get the market intelligence you are looking for and we get a loyal customer.

* We conduct detailed market positioning, product positioning and competitive positioning. Entry strategies, gaps and opportunities are identified for all the stakeholders.

* Comprehensive market analysis for the following sectors:

Pharmaceuticals, Medical Devices, Biotechnology, Semiconductor and Electronics, Energy and Power Supplies, Food and Beverages, Chemicals, Advanced Materials, Industrial Automation, and Telecom and IT. We also analyze retailers and super-retailers, technology providers, and research and development (R&D) companies.

Key questions answered

* What is the structure of U.S. healthcare system and what are the pitfalls within the current system?

* What are the major provisions of the U.S. Healthcare reform?

* How would the provisions of healthcare reforms affect U.S. healthcare industry in near future?

* What will be the drivers and restraints for different stakeholders of the U.S. healthcare industry in the near future?

* What can be the possible business implications for the U.S healthcare industry and its stakeholders such as Pharmaceuticals, Medical device manufacturers and health insurance industry?

* What will be the impact of Healthcare reforms on the U.S. economy?

Powerful Research and analysis

The analysts working with MarketsandMarkets come from renowned publishers and market research firms, globally, adding their expertise and domain understanding. We get the facts from over 22,000 news and information sources, a huge database of key industry participants and draw on our relationships with more than 900 market research companies across the world. We, at MarketsandMarkets, are inspired to help our clients grow by providing qualitative business insights with our huge market intelligence repository.

Table of contents

1 Introduction

1.1 Key Take-Aways

1.2 Report description

1.3 Stakeholders

1.4 Research Methodology

2 u.s. healthcare industry Overview

2.1 Overview of HealthCare System in U.S.

2.2 Healthcare reforms in the U.S.

2.2.1 Agenda of Obama's healthCAre reforms

2.2.2 challenges for Obama's healthCAre reforms

2.2.3 Impact of Obama's healthCare reforms on the healthcare industry

2.2.3.1 Impact on Health Insurance Industry

2.2.3.2 Impact of on Pharmaceutical and Medical Devices Industries

2.2.3.3 Empowerment of Healthcare consumers and its impact on U.S. economy

3 U.S. Healthcare system

3.1 Healthcare structure in the U.S.

3.1.1 Reimbursement and financing

3.1.1.1 Public health insurance

3.1.1.1.1 Medicare

3.1.1.1.2 Medicaid

3.1.1.1.3 Other public systems

3.1.1.2 Private health insurance

3.1.1.2.1 Employer-sponsored insurance

3.1.1.2.2 Private non-group insurance (individual market)

3.1.1.2.3 Private group insurance (cooperative)

3.1.2 Regulatory environment

3.1.2.1 Healthcare laws

3.1.2.2 Regulating bodies

3.1.2.2.1 The Center for Devices and Radiological Health (CDRH)

3.1.2.2.2 U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

3.2 Healthcare Expenditure

3.2.1 Total Healthcare expenditure

3.2.2 Per capita healthcare expenditure

3.2.3 Healthcare budget and health reforms

3.2.4 Obama's Stimulus Package for healthcare sector

3.3 Need for healthCARE reforms

3.3.1 Rising Healthcare Costs

3.3.2 Unaffordable health insurance

3.3.3 Uneven health coverage

3.3.4 Lack of quality healthcare

4 Obama's HealthCare Reforms

4.1 Obama's proposed strategies for healthcare reforms

4.1.1 increasing affordability and accessibility of healthcare

4.1.2 improving public health

4.1.3 lower healthcare costs

4.1.4 improving quality of healthcare

4.2 Obama's initiatives in healthcare

4.2.1 Obama's healthCare reformS

4.2.1.1 Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, 2009

4.2.1.2 Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act 2010

4.2.1.3 Healthcare Reforms Implementation Timeline

4.2.2 Other health initiatives

4.2.2.1 Children's Health Insurance Program Reauthorization Act, 2009 (CHIPRA)

4.2.2.2 American Recovery and Reinvestment Act, 2009

5 Impact of Obama's health reform provisions on the U.S. healthcare industry

5.1 impact on Medical devices industry

5.1.1 Excise Tax

5.1.2 IncreaseD fda COMPLIANCE

5.1.3 Increased transparency through CER and ban on sunshine provision

5.1.4 INDIRECT IMPACTS

5.1.5 business implications for medical device manufacturers

5.2 impact on Pharmaceutical industry

5.2.1 excise tax: a potential negative impact

5.2.2 lOWER DRUG PRICES THROUGH MEDICARE AND MEDICAID

5.2.3 Rebates for new formulations of branded drugs

5.2.4 Increase inspection and compliance costs

5.2.5 12-year exclusivity for biologics and New regulatory pathway for biosimilars

5.2.6 coverage of clinical trial costs

5.2.7 business implications for pharma/ biotech industry

5.3 impact on Insurance industry

5.3.1 Medical Loss Ratio (MLR)

5.3.2 mANDATORY COVERAGE PROVISIONS

5.3.2.1 Guaranteed eligibility

5.3.2.2 Ban on annual and lifetime limits

5.3.2.3 Mandatory preventive care and immunizations without cost sharing

5.3.3 Annual fees and tax implications

5.3.4 Health insurance exchange

5.3.5 Improvement in Child coverage

5.3.6 Cost Containment Provisions

5.3.7 Employer Play-or-Pay policy

5.3.8 business implications for insurance industry

5.4 Impact on other stakeholders (beneficiaries and hospitals)

5.4.1 Impact of healthcare reforms on beneficiaries

5.4.2 IMPACT OF HEALTHCARE REFORMs ON HOSPITALS

6 Economic Impact of Obama's healthcare reforms

6.1 Economic Impact

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United States should have universal healthcare system

The question of whether or not to have universal healthcare in United States has been quite controversial. There are those who believe that considering the current problems facing the country in provision of healthcare to all people, it would be better to have universal healthcare system to ensure that all Americans have access to healthcare. However, there have been many attempts to establish universal healthcare in United States but all have flopped due to different reason among them continued control of healthcare by private companies which have stood on the way of implementation of government policies that would ensure healthcare access to all Americans. Provision of universal healthcare would be in pursuit of American dream since all Americans would live in country where they are free and can access healthy life. Considering the current problems faced in healthcare, a universal healthcare system would be the best strategy for the country.

United States should have universal healthcare system

Universal healthcare is a system of healthcare which is organized on having a single player in the healthcare sector. It is based on the principle of universal healthcare coverage for all people. Universal healthcare system, which is found in most socialist states, is based on the need to have universal health coverage for all members of the society (Reinhardt 9). It combines the mechanism of healthcare financing and provision of free health service by the government. According to the World Health Organization, access to primary health care is considered a fundamental right for all people. This means that although World Health Organization recognizes the difficulties that are faced in provision of healthcare for all people, it roots for the need to have a universal healthcare system. Universal healthcare system varies from one national to the other depending on how the system is designed. It may provide full medical coverage for all people or it may provide partial coverag e where people are supposed to pay for a part of the healthcare cost. Whether or not to have a universal healthcare system in United States has been a widely contested issue. There are those who feel that there is need to have a universal healthcare system that takes care of the needs of all citizens and there are others who feel that the current healthcare system is working alright. Since the turn of the 20th century, United State healthcare system has undergone several changes in a bid to provide universal coverage but it has been met by resistance from the main players in the industry who want to maintain status quo. However, it is evident hat the current healthcare system is not working as expected. There are millions of people who cannot meet the cost of their healthcare care as the cost of healthcare keeps on rising. The current healthcare system in the country is complex and it takes in many players who make it difficult to be controlled (John and Justine). In additio n, it is strictly controlled by medical procession with little government control. As a result it has become difficult to control the cost of healthcare which keeps on rising on daily bases (Fen and William 80). This is means that there is need to carry out healthcare reforms that will ensure that United States acquire universal healthcare coverage.

Why do we need reforms in healthcare system? In the last few decades, Americans have witnessed an increase in the cost of healthcare such that it has become difficult for most Americans to afford the cost of basic healthcare premium. Based on health insurance system, United States has one of the most expensive healthcare systems in the world with a growing number of people who cannot afford to meet the cost of rising healthcare (John and Justine). Health insurance premiums have been on the rise growing at an average of double digit percentage points in the last five years. Economist have pointed out that the cost of healthcare premiums has been growing at a rate that is 2-3 times the rate of inflation, which means not most Americans are able to afford the cost of health insurance (Reinhardt 9). Although this problem is mainly confined in low income American, recent economic downturn has revealed the vulnerability of American healthcare system. There are more middle-class A mericans who have been netted into the problem. At the same time, rising health care cost is also becoming major burden for employers. Most employers are not in position to meet the rising cost of healthcare services. Consequently, the total number of employers providing health insurance coverage for their employees has decreased from 69% in 2000 to 60% in 2005 (Borger 70). It is postulated that rising cost of healthcare is one of the main reason why growing number of manufacturers are folding their operations and investing in other countries. To get a glimpse of simple statistics major employers in United States are feeling the pinch of rising healthcare cost. General Motors, one of the largest manufacturers in United States spends approximately $5.6B every year in healthcare (ADA). This is approximately $1,500 for every car the company produces. Chrysler spends more than $2.3B on healthcare which means that the company spends more on healthcare than it does on steel (ADA). Ford spends about $10.6B on healthcare (ADA). This is just direct employee healthcare cost and this is not close to the amount these companies spend on healthcare pension cost and pass-through costs for the current and retired employees (ADA). This is just a glimpse of the burden of healthcare cost for the manufacturing sector in the country. This means that if there is no steps that will be taken soon, there will be continued loss of American jobs as more companies plans to outsource their service in order to reduce the amount of expenses on employee healthcare. With most employers now eroding their healthcare coverage for their workers, there has been increased enrollment in Medicaid.

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AYA Healthcare

AYA Healthcare Doctors

Currently, a nursing shortage exists within the United Kingdom, United States, Canada, and a number of other developed countries. The majority of analysis refers to a shortage of Registered Nurse staff. The Canadian Registered Nurse shortage has been linked to longer wait times for hospital-based procedures, increased adverse events for patients, and more stressful work environments.[9] As the shortage of Registered Nurses increases, it is expected that there will be an increasing move towards utilizing unregulated healthcare workers to meet demands for basic nursing care within hospitals and the community

A nurse is a healthcare professional who, in collaboration with other members of a health care team, is responsible for: treatment, safety, and recovery of acutely or chronically ill individuals; health promotion and maintenance within families, communities and populations; and, treatment of life-threatening emergencies in a wide range of health care settings . Nurses perform a wide range of clinical and non-clinical functions necessary to the delivery of health care, and may also be involved in medical and nursing research.

AYA Healthcare The Best :Work Environment

Internationally, there is a serious shortage of nurses. One reason for this shortage is due to the work environment in which nurses practice. In a recent review of the empirical human factors and ergonomic literature specific to nursing performance, nurses were found to work in generally poor environmental conditions. DeLucia, Ott, & Palmieri (2009) concluded, "the profession of nursing as a whole is overloaded because there is a nursing shortage. Individual nurses are overloaded. They are overloaded by the number of patients they oversee. They are overloaded by the number of tasks they perform. They work under cognitive overload, engaging in multitasking and encountering frequent interruptions. They work under perceptual o verload due to medical devices that do not meet perceptual requirements (Morrow et al., 2005), insufficient lighting, illegible handwriting, and poor labeling designs. They work under physical overload due to long work hours and patient handling demands which leads to a high incidence of MSDs. In short, the nursing work system often exceeds the limits and capabilities of human performance. HF/E research should be conducted to determine how these overloads can be reduced and how the limits and capabilities of performance can be accommodated. Ironically, the literature shows that there are studies to determine whether nurses can effectively perform tasks ordinarily performed by physicians. Results indicate that nurses can perform such tasks effectively. Nevertheless, already overloaded nurses should not be given more tasks to perform. When reducing the overload, it should be kept in mind that underloads also can be detrimental to performance (Mackworth, 1948). Both overloads a nd underloads are important to consider for improving performance."

AYA Healthcare Pacients

Education

Typically, nurses are distinguished from one another by the area they work in (critical care, perioperative, oncology, nephrology, pediatrics, adult acute care, geriatrics, psychiatric, community, occupational health, etc.). Bodies such as the American Nurses Association and the Canadian Nurses Association have both supported a move towards the creation of national specialty certifications, in order to support more specialized nursing roles. As nursing roles and specialties are continually changing, the International Council of Nurses states that nursing education should always include continuing education activities; while educational preparation is expected to vary between countries, all nursing jurisdictions are encouraged to promote continuing education as an important form of professional education.

Nursing education varies widely, and continues to produce an array of options as nursing roles evolve and also expand in scope. Education al preparation as a nurse may include certificate, diploma, associates, bachelors, masters or doctoral preparation.

Around the world, nurses have been traditionally female. Despite equal opportunity legislation nursing has continued to be a female dominated profession. For instance, in Canada and America the male-to-female ratio of nurses is approximately 1:19. This ratio is represented around the world. Notable exceptions include: Francophone Africa, which includes the countries of Benin, Burkino Faso, Cameroon, Chad, Congo, Ivory Coast, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Djibouti, Guinea, Gabon, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Rwanda, Senegal, and Togo, which all have more male than female nurses. In Europe, in countries such as Spain, Portugal, Czechoslovakia, and Italy, over 20% of nurses are male

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Senior Healthcare Consultants Reports Non-network Insurance May Be Best for Seniors

According to Senior Healthcare Consultants, non-network insurance is many times the best option for senior citizens. Non-network healthcare insurance offers "many options to individuals in need of the best healthcare," according to one Senior Healthcare Consultants staff member. According to this Senior Healthcare Consultants staff member, non-network healthcare is also referred to "as indemnity or fee for service plans."

"Non-network insurance or indemnity plans allows the client to choose any hospital or any doctor they wish to visit," explains Senior Healthcare Consultants. There are no networks in which certain hospitals or doctors have to be chosen, adds the Senior Healthcare Consultants staff member. "The person covered by indemnity insurance pays their deductible and the insurance company provides payment or reimbursement to the hospital or doctor for any remaining balance," continues the Senior Healthcare Consultants staff member. According to the same Senior Healthcare Consultants staff member there are policies in which the insured person pays the entire bill "and then the insurance company reimburses them directly." Senior Healthcare Consultants points out that there is a benefit to seniors in choosing non-network insurance.

Senior Healthcare Consultants connects seniors in need of Medigap, Medicare supplemental insurance with quality Fortune 500 companies that work in the senior healthcare demographic. Nationwide and serving all 48 contiguous states, Senior Healthcare Consultants, the largest division of RJR Insurance Services, helped the parent company post an astonishing $200,000,000 million in new premium sales over the last five years. "We have had success in a down economy because we focus on one niche of service, and we know that product well," explains a Senior Healthcare Consultants executive.

While the previously quoted Senior Healthcare Consultants staff member did not go into all the details, indemnity insurance works well with Medicare recipients. According to Senior Healthcare Consultants there are numerous benefits to non-network insurance for seniors but four immediately came to mind.

"The first and foremost benefit is flexibility," says a team member from Senior Healthcare Consultants. According to Senior Healthcare Consultants, if a senior citizen needs a particular specialist, they need to know they have coverage. "In other words a senior citizen cannot be denied the right to see a needed specialist, simply because that doctor is not 'in network'", claims the Senior Healthcare Consultants staff member. The Senior Healthcare Consultants staff member maintained that non-network insurance policies empower senior citizens to make their own choices concerning health care. "With indemnity plans, an insurance company is not dictating the patient's medical choices," comments the Senior Healthcare Consultants staff member.

Another benefit, according to the Senior Healthcare Consultants staff member of non-network plans, is the coverage. "Indemnity plans, recognized as more traditional health insurance, cover a wider array of illnesses," explains the Senior Healthcare Consultants staff member. While these plans may typically not cover physicals or preventive health care, they do "cover a larger list of illnesses that may encompass our senior market," adds the Senior Healthcare Consultants staff member.

Indemnity policies also offer better emergency medical coverage, continues the Senior Healthcare Consultants staff member. "This kind of emergency medical coverage may be crucial to any individual as they age," observes the Senior Healthcare Consultants staff member. According to Senior Healthcare Consultants, it is a common scenario for senior citizens to need an emergency room that could be "out of network" with other policies. "With indemnity insurance, if one of our senior customers is in a different city and needs emergency services, they will not have to worry about coverage or additional fees or expenses," states the Senior Healthcare Consultants staff member. Senior Healthcare Consultants maintains that non-network insurance continually puts the power of all medical choices back in the hands of the patient.

While many contrasts are made between traditional managed health care and indemnity insurance, Senior Healthcare Consultants likes to point out that there are some similarities. "One of the other benefits of non-network insurance today is the inclusion of some managed care features," states the Senior Healthcare Consultants staff member. According to Senior Healthcare Consultants, some indemnity insurance plans offer pre-certification for non-emergency hospital admissions. Some indemnity plans also present a utilization reviews element, according to Senior Healthcare Consultants. "These are features more common to managed health care then the traditional indemnity plan," explains the Senior Healthcare Consultants staff member. However these features, continues the Senior Healthcare Consultants team member, offer patients "a little bit of the 'both of best worlds' with non-network insurance today."

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Want to know more about medical malpractice?

In simple words medical malpractice can be defined as substandard treatment offered by a health care provider or a physician. Ideally, treatments that violate the medical practices fall into the category of substandard treatments. This substandard treatment could lead to significant damage to the patient both physically as well as mentally.

Medical malpractice is primarily a result of the negligence of the health care provider. If a patient is dealing with an injury or any other kind of physical damage as a result of the doctors' negligence, it will be termed as medical malpractice.

This implies that any negative outcome of medical procedures that come with inherent risks such as surgery cannot be termed as medical malpractice. The health care provider needs to be at fault for the damage caused for the case in point to be termed as medical malpractice. So, if a person is suffering from medical issues, which comes in the aftermath of the treatment offered, it cannot be categorized as medical malpractice.

There are several different cases that fall under the category of medical malpractice. For instance, inability to diagnose a particular disease, prescribing the wrong medication, surgical errors and inability to offer proper follow up are some examples of medical malpractice. However, it is the wrong analysis of a particular ailment that accounts for the most common case of medical malpractice. Surgical errors are also a common case of medical malpractice.

If you too happen to be a victim of medical malpractice, then you can pursue a medical malpractice suit against your health care practitioner. However, this may not be as easy as it seems to be. In fact, there are numerous complications involved in the process of pursuing a medical malpractice suit in Philadelphia.

The most prominent complication being the need to prove that substandard treatment was offered. It can be quite difficult to prove that the treatment offered did not adhere to medical standards. One may also have a problem proving that the consequential damage was a result of the negligence of the health care provider.

Thankfully enough you have numerous medical malpractice attorneys in Philadelphia who can help you steer clear of these complications. Equipped with expertise in the field, these medical malpractice lawyers can help you pursue your case successfully. However, you need to be careful about which medical malpractice attorney Philadelphia to choose. Make sure that you do a bit of research to ensure that you have the best medical malpractice lawyer in Philadelphia at your aid.

The basic aim of a health care provider is to offer you the best of health care services and treatments. And in case your practitioner fails to do so on part of negligence, you have all the right to take legal action and seek adequate compensation. Hire a medical malpractice attorney in Philadelphia and get a just and fair compensation for the damage you have borne with.

For more information on Medical Malpractice Philadelphia visit Philadelphia Malpractice Attorneys

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Some Tips on How a Qualified Roanoke Medical Malpractice Attorney Can Increase Your Chances of Success With Your Case

What Is Medical Malpractice?

Medical malpractice, sometimes referred to as medical negligence, occurs when a health care provider violates the governing standard of care when providing treatment to a patient, resulting in patient injury. Medical malpractice can result from an action taken by the medical provider, or by the failure to take a medically appropriate actionEither an action taken by the medical provider or the lack of appropriate action can result in medical malpractice. Examples of medical malpractice include:

* Misdiagnosis of, or failing to diagnose, a medical condition or disease;

* Failure to supply patient suitable medical treatment for a condition;

* Unreasonable delay in treatment for a diagnosed medical condition;

Medical malpractice actions can be brought by the injured patient against any responsible licensed health care provider, including doctors, counselors, psychologists and psychotherapists.

What Limits are in Place Regarding Medical Malpractice in Roanoke?

In Virginia, the limit on medical malpractice damages is $1.5 million; this amount increased $50,000 per year from 2001 to 2006 and increases by $75,000 per year after that.

Collateral Source Rule for Roanoke Virginia Medical Malpractice Lawsuits

Under the collateral source rule, the offender is not allowed to try to reduce its liability by presenting evidence that the injured party has gained compensation from other sources, such as the plaintiff's own insurance coverage.

Rules for Expert Witnesses in Roanoke Virginia Medical Malpractice Lawsuits

In order to be considered as an expert witness, he or she must have a current practice in the defendant's field, or a related specialty, and be licensed.

Roanoke Virginia Joint and Several Liability for Medical Malpractice

This rule says that in the case where multiple defendants are found liable for injury to the plaintiff, each individual defendant is responsible for paying the entire judgement amount.

Statute of Limitations for Medical Malpractice in Roanoke Virginia

A plaintiff has two years to file medical malpractice actions from the date the act or omission took place. For medical malpractice actions that involve the presence of a foreign object being placed inside the body, any claim must be submitted within one year from the date the object was or reasonably should have been found, but no such action may be filed more than ten years after the date the object was inserted. If the injured party is a minor, eight years of age or younger, he or she has until the tenth birthday to begin medical malpractice litigation.

What Type of Restrictions Are Attorneys Subject to Regarding Fees for Medical Malpractice in the State of Virginia?

There are no limitations placed on attorneys fees in Virginia for medical malpractice.

Other Policies

If either party requests, a pretrial panel will look at the malpractice claims. Whatever the conclusion of this review, the results are admissible as evidence even though they are not conclusive.

Why You Should Retain the Services of A Medical Malpractice Lawyer in Roanoke Virginia

Not only are the majority of medical malpractice lawsuits defended by highly-paid defense teams, this area of law is extremely technical.

A medical malpractice suit, from beginning to end, can cost upwards of $100,000.00. There are many reasons you should retain the services of a professional, specialized medical malpractice law firm; some of these include: the highly technical nature of this field of law, the likelihood that a mistake made by an unskilled lawyer, not adequately familiar with the medical issues involved, would result in case dismissal, and the high costs that are typically advanced by the malpractice law firm.

When you research the medical malpractice field, you will see that a number of Roanoke Medical Malpractice Attorneys choose to specialize in one particular area, for example, concentrating on surgical errors, misdiagnosis, or birth trauma cases.

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Medical Malpractice Cases – How to Deter Against Ever Increasing Medical Errors!

Physicians who accept responsibility for treatment decisions are accountable for their medical practice errors.

The truth is this: Most of us inherently trust doctors and physicians to keep our best interest in mind and to have the ability to safely help us. This trust may not always be founded, but it's a deeply rooted part of our culture, and even if we get butterflies before a major operation, our logic still tells us that we're going to come out fine on the other side.

When that isn't the case, medical malpractice can really damage our psyche and give us a deep fear of medical attention of any kind. In many cases, that is just the beginning of what happens to our psyche.

Every year medical malpractice cases in America's most advanced cities like New York, Chicago and California, causing at least 27,000 injuries and 7,000 deaths. Eight times as many patients are injured as ever file a claim, and 16 times as many suffer i njuries as ever receive any compensation. At the highest level, the estimated number of medical injuries nationally is more than one million per year; approximately 85,000 malpractice suits are filed annually.

To deter against the medical malpractice cases and these frightening facts and figures from the most developed country of the world, we need to know about what medical malpractice is all about.

What Is Medical Malpractice

Medical malpractice cases occur when a healthcare provider fails to exercise that degree of care and skill required by a patient. If these standards are not followed, malpractice may have occurred. Medical malpractice can be generally defined as substandard treatment by a physician or other healthcare professional that directly results in physical or economic damages to the patient. "Substandard" care refers to care that violates normal medical practices.

Five Most Common and Most F rightening Effects of Medical Malpractice Cases
There are many different outcomes in medical malpractice cases, but here are some common after-effects of medical malpractice and a medical negligence.

1. Pain and Suffering

The foremost and obvious effect of having something go wrong in a simplest of medical treatment to the major operation is the pain and suffering of the injured.

2. Disability or Deformity

In many severe medical malpractice cases, a patient may end up disabled or deformed as a result of medical malpractice, causing a disadvantage for the rest of their life, affecting their ability to work and do pretty much anything else.

3. Emotional Stress and Mental Fatigue

One of the deepest extents of any medical malpractice case brings to a person in a situation of emotional stress caused by the negligence of a doctor or a medical practitioner. Even a temporary situation can result in shock and complete re-evaluation of what we can expect from the society around us.

4. Financial Miseries

Medical malpractice negligence happening can become a very expensive issue for the patient. Because it might not only increase the time of recovery from the scratch but also skyrocket the cost of medical attention and most importantly the financial loss due to unemployment.

5. Death

Almost 98,000 people die in hospitals annually each year due to medical malpractice cases. Whether from the wrong medication or something more sinister, these things do happen.

Two Basic Reasons of Increasing Medical Malpractice Cases

Medical inflation is the most important reason that has triggered the medical malpractice cases all around the world from the most developed countries to the countries of the third world. The first reason which halts me up is that the expenses are the bigge st and the most predictable part of damages in the high severity cases that drive medical malpractice payments in individual cases to increase at a rate that is closer to the rate of medical inflation than to rate of inflation in the other areas.

Second reason which daunts out expressively is that the health-care sector economy is growing more rapidly than the economy as a whole. Malpractice payments can be expected to grow at about the same rate as the size of health-care sector of the economy and as fast as medical prices. This is in-fact what the research has proved in recent years.

Concluding Comments

In principle, a negligence rule of liability against medical malpractice cases can correct these distortions and create incentives for efficient care and risk-taking, under certain conditions. These conditions include that courts set the standard of due care at the efficient level, that damages be optimally set, that provi ders be liable for failure to obtain informed consent, and that suits be brought and compensation awarded if and only if negligence occurs.

Efficient deterrence incentives can, in theory, also be achieved by a rule of strict liability, whereby providers are liable for all injuries caused by medical care, regardless of negligence.

Adjusting for medical inflation helps prevent us from mistaking in medical procedures and also a major decrease in medical malpractice cases can be expected.

The second thing which can be done to cut the maximizing rate of medical malpractice cases is that to increase the liability, like if a doctor or medical practitioner malpractices, he or she should be arrested and punished to the maximum prison sentence. And if the felony has reached up to death of a patient then the medical practitioner must be treated as the criminal murderers are treated in the judgment court because the human life is more precious than an ything.

Committing to implement these standards we can deter those medical practitioner or doctors who are ever been involved in such activities but can also retaliate aggressively against the increasing amount of medical negligence and medical malpractice cases.

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